A typical liquid-cooling system comprises what loops?

A typical liquid-cooling system is designed with both a primary loop and a secondary loop for effective thermal management. The primary loop is responsible for directly circulating coolant through the components that generate heat, such as CPUs or power electronics. This loop quickly absorbs heat from these components and carries it away to a heat exchanger or radiator.

The secondary loop, on the other hand, functions to transfer the heat absorbed from the primary loop to another part of the system or to the environment. This separation allows for greater flexibility in system design and improved efficiency. By employing this dual-loop system, cooling performance can be optimized without exposing heat-sensitive components to high temperatures or fluid dynamics directly.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the common configuration used in liquid-cooling systems. A single loop would fail to provide the necessary heat dissipation for high-performance environments. Secondary and tertiary loops suggest a more complex and less standard arrangement, which is not typical. Closed and open loops refer more generally to types of systems without the specific context of a primary and secondary cooling arrangement. Thus, the combination of a primary loop and a secondary loop is the standard configuration in liquid cooling systems, making it the correct answer.