How is frequency defined in the context of electrical signals?

Frequency, in the context of electrical signals, is defined as the number of cycles per second in a signal, which is measured in hertz (Hz). This measurement reflects how often a periodic waveform, such as a sine or square wave, completes a full cycle of its waveform within one second. For example, if a signal has a frequency of 60 Hz, it means that the signal completes 60 cycles each second.

Understanding frequency is essential for various applications in electronics, including communication systems, signal processing, and circuit design. Different devices operate at specific frequencies, and having the correct frequency can influence signal clarity and transmission efficiency. This concept is fundamental in fields like radio broadcasting, audio electronics, and digital communications, where signal fidelity often depends on frequency alignment with system specifications.

The other definitions do not accurately describe frequency: the speed of current flow refers to the drift velocity of electrons, resistance is a measure of how much a component opposes current flow, and voltage quantifies the potential difference that drives charge carriers through a circuit.