The broadside array consists of a flat reflector and which additional elements?

The broadside array configuration is designed to maximize radiation in the broadside direction (perpendicular to the axis of the array). In this arrangement, two or more half-wave dipole elements are used to create a constructive interference pattern that enhances signal strength and directionality.

Using two or more half-wave dipoles allows for the phasing and orientation needed to direct the main lobe of radiation. This setup effectively combines the signals from the individual dipole elements, resulting in a stronger and more focused beam of radio waves. The half-wave dipole elements are optimal because they are resonant at the desired frequency, thereby allowing for efficient radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves.

Other configurations, such as utilizing quarter-wave elements or a single full-wave element, would not yield the same broadside radiation characteristics. The design and number of dipole elements are crucial to achieving the desired performance of the broadside array. Thus, the correct understanding of this question is that the broadside array is characterized fundamentally by the inclusion of multiple half-wave dipole elements.